Phoradendron serotinum
Viscaceae
American Mistletoe is also known as Christmas mistletoe, eastern mistletoe, oak mistletoe, or simply mistletoe. It may also appear under older or alternate botanical names including Phoradendron leucarpum, Phoradendron serotinum, Phoradendron flavescens, and Phoradendron serotinum ssp. serotinum.
Toxalbumin, phoratoxins, and pharatoxin viscumin.
Vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal upset, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, low heart rate, weakness, erratic behavior, and cardiovascular collapse in severe cases.
American Mistletoe is a parasitic evergreen plant commonly associated with holiday decorations. It grows attached to trees and shrubs and can produce white berries and leathery green leaves. Although serious poisoning is uncommon in household pets, the plant is considered toxic and should be kept away from dogs, cats, horses, and other animals.
The primary concern with American Mistletoe ingestion is gastrointestinal irritation, including vomiting and diarrhea. In larger exposures, more serious cardiovascular signs may occur, including low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, weakness, difficulty breathing, collapse, or abnormal behavior.
Because severity depends on the amount ingested, the part of the plant consumed, and the animal’s size and health, ingestion should be treated as potentially significant until a veterinarian or animal poison-control specialist advises otherwise.
Immediate Response to Ingestion
- Remove the Source: Take away any remaining plant material and prevent further chewing or ingestion.
- Check the Mouth: If safe, remove visible plant fragments from the pet’s mouth.
- Do Not Induce Vomiting Unless Directed: Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian or animal poison-control professional.
- Contact Veterinary Help: Call a veterinarian, ASPCA Animal Poison Control, or Pet Poison Helpline for guidance, especially if any berries, leaves, or stems were swallowed.
Symptoms Requiring Urgent Care
- Digestive Signs: Repeated vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, abdominal discomfort, or refusal to eat.
- Cardiovascular or Respiratory Signs: Weakness, collapse, difficulty breathing, low heart rate, or signs of low blood pressure.
- Behavioral Changes: Erratic behavior, unusual depression, disorientation, or severe lethargy.
Veterinary Treatment
- Supportive Care: Treatment may include monitoring, fluid therapy, anti-vomiting medication, gastrointestinal protectants, or cardiovascular support depending on symptoms and exposure amount.
- Bring a Sample: If possible, bring a sample or photo of the plant to help confirm identification.